New research reveals that centuries-old grapevines in Ethiopia’s Tigray region have survived through generations of careful farming. These vines carry historic value and may hold traits useful for climate-resilient agriculture.
In the highlands of Tigray, grapevines grow quietly in village gardens and church grounds rather than large vineyards. Families share the fruit, donate bunches to churches, and value the shade they provide. Research shows these plants trace part of their roots to the ancient Aksumite era, likely introduced through early trade networks. Their survival reflects long-term care by smallholder farmers who propagate vines from cuttings passed down over generations.
Scientists combined field surveys, farmer interviews, and DNA analysis to study 41 vines across remote highland areas. One standout vine in the village of Rubaksa showed no match in global databases yet shared genetic links with Mediterranean and Caucasus varieties. Seeds from the plant also matched shapes found in Italy, Cyprus, and Greece. The team named this unique landrace Rubaksum Tsellim, highlighting its distinct local adaptation shaped by isolation and cultural practices.
These vines demonstrate strong resilience under dry conditions on stony plots with simple irrigation. Their traits could support future climate-friendly viticulture. Conservation of this heritage offers both genetic resources and a living link to Ethiopia’s agricultural past, bringing recognition and hope to local communities.
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